Sediments in the basin were deposited in nonmarine to coastal marine environments, and ranges in age from ordovician to cretaceous. Hydrocarbon seepages have been reported in the basin around pategimuregi on the. Depositional facies and sequence stratigraphic study in parts. Seismic velocity model for sedimentary niger delta, nigeria. The southern nigeria sedimentary basin includes the lagososse and the niger delta basins that are separated by the benin hinge line the okitipupa ridge. Pdf geological map of the transboundary region benin, niger. Waec gce past questions and answers free download pdf all. Aeromagnetic interpretation over maiduguri and environs of southern chad basin, nigeria. The niger delta basin is an extensional basin surrounded by many other basins in the area that all formed from similar processes. Stratigraphy and petroleum plays of the late to middle. Tectonic extension at divergent boundaries where continental rifting is occurring can create a nascent ocean basin leading to either an ocean or the failure of the rift zone.
Map of the basins, exploration wells, and major hydrocarbon discoveries in. Hydrocarbon, bida basin, sedimentology, inland basins, nigeria introduction the bida basin, also known as the midniger or nupe basin, is located in westcentral nigeria figure. It is a shallow, linear depression with sedimentary fill of about 3,000 m thick udensi and osazuwa, 2004. The inland basins of nigeria constitute one set of a. G o f g eo l p a h n y r u o scis journal of geology. Part 3 takes the mineral resources of nigeria one on one, their geological environment, mode of occurrence, localities. Geology and mineral resources of the lower benue trough. The benue trough is one of the seven main sedimentary structural features in the sene nigeria. Linked together, such models would contribute to a new integrated understanding of sedimentary basins with broad implications for research across the geosciences, for identifying and extracting mineral and fossil fuel resources, and for preserving the quality of. Geological developments in the basin in terms of basin evolution and structural features have been discussed by many authors. Part 1 discusses the geology of the crystalline rocks and their regional distribution while the sedimentary basins constitute the subject of part 2. Sequence stratigraphic technique was applied to sediments in the xy field, onshore niger delta by integrating.
Tectonics is needed to make sedimentary basins, but the record of the basin itself is sedimentary. The niger delta sedimentary basin of nigeria contains more than 12km of marine and deltaic sediments. Sedimentary basins range in size from as small as hundreds of meters to large parts of ocean basins. Where the sedimentary section is considerably thick, the amplitudes of the basement subtle features are attenuated and may be overlooked figure 1. Nigeria is underlain by seven major sedimenta ry basins, viz. More than 50 complexes occur in nigeria obaje, 2009. Much has been done in the anambra basin of nigeria. Basement geology in the sedimentary basins of nigeria.
Sedimentary basins in india india has 26 sedimentary basins covering an area of 3. Doc geology of nigeria vincent kalu and stanless pee. Establishment of river basins development authorities. Known as sedimentary basins, these features come in many shapes and sizes. The sedimentary succession in the bida basin, central nigeria, has the potential to include an active petroleum system with the generation, migration and. Heavy mineral studies of the paleogene niger delta lithostratigraphic units are partly documented in hoque 1977 and nwajide 1980. The anambra basin has become a subject of interest in recent years, following renewed search for hydrocarbon in nigeria s inland sedimentary basins to increase its reserve base.
The other side of the basin is bounded by the cameroon volcanic line and the transform passive continental. The other aspect of geothermal exploration in nigeria is. Samuel okechukwu onyekuru is currently a senior lectutrer in sedimentary and petroleum geology in the. Geology and mineral resources of nigeria nuhu george. Contains details on the geological units of nigeria and the associated mineral resources. The lower benue trough like other sedimentary basins in nigeria is found to be endowed with mineral resources. Pdf geological map of the transboundary region benin.
Its application is chiefly directed towards paleoenvironmental and biostratigraphic investigations but it is also usefully. Potential impacts of climate change and variability on. Convergent boundaries create foreland basins through tectonic compression of oceanic and continental crust during lithospheric flexure. Nigeria sedimentary basins table 1, lists nigeria s 7 main sedimentary basins with some information on size and prospectivity, main reservoirs, exploration status etc. Aeromagnetic interpretation over maiduguri and environs of. Depositional environment of siliciclastic deposits on the. Sedimentary rocks fill up the basins which are vast depressions between basement landmass. Nigeria sedimentary basins table 1, lists nigerias 7 main sedimentary basins with some information on size and prospectivity, main reservoirs, exploration status etc. Abstract nigerias search for increased oil and gas reserves requires the discovery of additional petroleum plays using more accurate exploration techniques like sequence stratigraphy.
The present study examines the stratigraphic succession of benin and western nigeria offshore basins and attempts to compare these stratigraphic nomenclatures. Recent interests in drilling highrisk depths and targets. The mesozoic younger granite ring complexes of nigeria form part of a wider province of alkaline anorogenic magmatism extending from northern niger republic to south central nigeria. In northwestern nigeria the geothermal anomaly of sokoto basin extends to the niger territory. Analysis of petroleum system for exploration and risk reduction in the southeastern inland basins of nigeria article pdf available in petroleum and coal 602 march 2018 with 1,175 reads. Depositional facies and sequence stratigraphic study in. Basement aquifers consist of crystalline and coarsegrained rocks and argillaceous metasedimentary rocks. Umunya section, niger delta basin, nigeria adaeze i. The sedimentary basins of india, onland and offshore up to the 200m isobath, have an areal extent of about 1. The outlying areas remain a significant asset yet to be exploited. Sedimentary basins form primarily in convergent, divergent and transform settings. The northwest southeastern trending bida basin forms one of the major inland sedimentary basins in nigeria.
They are pervasive on earth and form in response to complex. It is important to continue with and to step up efforts on the hydrocarbon exploration programmes in nigerias other sedimentary basins outside the niger delta as. The three major rock types igneous, meta morphic and sedimentary abound in nigeria. Historical water resources use, from sustenance to commerce, has influ. Pdf analysis of petroleum system for exploration and risk. Sokoto and nigerian part of chad sedimentary basins, where relatively high geothermal gradients were found. Between these massifs, sedimentary basins are strung out along a northeastsouthwest axis from lake chad to the niger delta, i. Part 3 takes the mineral resources of nigeria one on one, their geological environment, mode of occurrence, localities and where possible the reserves estimation. The niger delta basin lies in the south westernmost part of a larger tectonic structure, the benue trough. Sedimentary facies relationships and depositional environments of the maastrichtian enagi formation, northern bida basin, nigeria ojo olusola j. The mixed provenance of the sandstones can be traced to the southwestern and southeastern basement complex consisting of granites, gneisses, etc. This basin is very complex, and it carries high economic value as it contains a very.
Sketch geological map of nigeria showing the inland basins and sample localities. Executive summary the dynamics of sedimentary basins. Sedimentology and depositional environments of the maastrichtian patti formation, southeastern bida basin, nigeria article in cretaceous research 306. Geology and mineral resources of nigeria nuhu george obaje. Heavy minerals and geochemical characteristics of sandstones as indices of provenance and source area tectonics of the. It is frequently regarded as the northwestern extension of the anambra basin to the southeast.
Anambra basin in the lower benue trough is a major coal producing basin in nigeria where intensive. In the deepwater beyond the 200m isobath, the sedimentary area has been estimated to be about 1. Sedimentology and depositional environments of the. Basement geology in the sedimentary basins of nigeria geology. Download scientific diagram geological map and sedimentary basins of nigeria. One of such sedimentary basins in which this type of model has been applied is the united states coast of gulf. An older and a younger group of sedimentary basins can be distinguished in. It is delimited in the northeast and southwest by the basement complex while it merges with anambra and sokoto basins in sedimentary fill comprising post orogenic molasse facies and few thin unfolded marine sediments. The sedimentary formations such as the tertiary deposits of the chadsokoto basins, the cretaceous deposits of the niger and benue troughs, and the sedimentary formation of the niger delta, yield groundwater in varying quantities.
Thus, it is important to understand how the river and its. In nigeria, the dominant type of basement rock intersected by wells drilled for hydrocarbons, limestone, or water is granite. Pdf analysis of petroleum system for exploration and. The spatial and temporal evolution of depositional systems in a basin depends on a complex interplay between sediment supply, eustatic variations, climate and tectonic processes at the time of tectonics of sedimentary basins. Geology and mineral resources of the lower benue trough, nigeria. Geology and total petroleum systems of the gulf of guinea.
Other basins located in the gulf of guinea are ivory coast, tano, salt. Introduction the bida basin, also known as the midniger. It is a preliminary stage process aiming to give additional information for the beginning of a stratigraphic harmonization project concerning sedimentary basins of the. Geological map of the transboundary region benin, niger, and nigeria. The major aquifers in nigeria are basement aquifers, sedimentary basins, volcanic plateau, and river alluvium. Seismic velocity model for sedimentary niger delta, nigeria doi. An overview of the geology and hydrogeology of nigeria. The benin dahomey basin is one of the sedimentary basins located in the gulf of guinea oil province and straddles through four major countries, namely, ghana, the republic of benin, the federal republic of nigeria and the republic of togo figure 1.
The mineral resources so far reported in the trough by the geological survey of nigeria agency are discussed below. It is frequently regarded as the northwestern extension of the anambra basin to the southeast, both of which major depocentres were during the. Large sedimentary basins formed in southern nigeria, divided by the okitipupa ridge. Igneous and metamorphic rocks constitute the pre cambrian basement complex which is the oldest, crystalline, solid physical foundation of the country. It is a rift basin with plate dilation leading to the opening of the gulf of guinea 9,10. Sedimentary succes sions in these basins are of middle mesozoic to recent age. Regional geology of nigeria geology, nigeria the mapped area falls within the benue trough the oldest sedimentary rocks in nigeria is in this trough and they are of lower cretaceous age. Sedimentary basins range in size from as small as hundreds of meters to large parts of ocean. Heavy minerals and geochemical characteristics of sandstones as indices of provenance and source area tectonics of the ogwashiasaba formation, niger delta basin.
The core producing areas cover some 60% of the total acreage of about 31,105 sq. The basins did not begin to fill with sediment until the albian age of the cretaceous. Executive summary the dynamics of sedimentary basins the. Nigeria has extensive groundwater resources, located in eight recognized hydrogeological areas together with local groundwater in shallow alluvial fadama aquifers adjacent to major rivers. In the southeast, poorly bedded sandy shale alternates with layers of sandstone and sandy limestone, containing ammonite, radiolarian, echinoid and gastropod fossils. Earth systems history on ecampus sedimentary rocks intro origin of sedimentary rocks clastic rocks carbonate sedimentary rocks interpreting sedimentary rocks environment of. Abstract nigerias search for increased oil and gas reserves requires the discovery of additional. Pdf an overview of the geology and hydrogeology of nigeria. Jul 09, 2009 contains details on the geological units of nigeria and the associated mineral resources.
Half of nigerias land is composed of three main basement complexes located in the west, the northwest and the southeast. The essential element of the concept is tectonic creation of relief, to. Cote divoire, burkina faso, and chad are part of the basin but are minimally affected by the use and management of the rivers water resources. Earths crust, of tectonic origin, in which sediments accumulate. Palynofacies studies of sedimentary succession in ogbabu1. The sokoto basin zone comprises sedimentary rocks in northwest nigeria. Sedimentary depositional environments exert a primary control on lithologies and rock unit architecture. Sedimentary rocks and sedimentary basins reading stanley, s. Most of the wells that penetrated the basement are in the eastern dahomey embayment of western nigeria. Earth systems history on ecampus sedimentary rocks intro origin of sedimentary rocks clastic rocks carbonate sedimentary rocks interpreting sedimentary rocks environment of deposition.
But implicit in the concept of a sedimentary basin is the existence of prolonged crustal subsidence, to make a place for a thick deposit of sediment that might well have been deposited in an area without basinal geometry at the surface. The sedimentary succession in the bida basin, central nigeria, has the potential to include an active petroleum system with the generation, migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons in commercial quantities. Nigeria benin togo ghana cote divoire gulf of guinea atlantic ocean 0 250 niger delta geology and total petroleum systems of the gulf of guinea province of west africa u. The saltpond basin is a paleozoic wrench modified pullapart basin centrally located between the tanocape three points and accraketa basins.
The three sedimentary basins in nigeria are underlain by continental crust except in the niger delta, where the basement rock is interpreted to be oceanic crust. One of such sedimentary basins in which this type of model has been applied is the united states coast of gulf of mexico which shows much similarity to the niger delta. Over geologic time, depressions on earths surface are filled with sediments and organic materials that have been transported by wind, rivers, and ocean currents. Benkhelil also suggested that the evolution trough could also be as a result of tension resulting in a.
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